NEWS
Voyager 1 Resumes Data Transmission to Earth After Months!
For the first time in five months, engineers realm team NASA have received decipherable data from Voyager 1 after crafting a creative solution to fix a communication problem aboard humanity’s most distant spacecraft in the cosmos.
Voyager 1 is currently about 15 billion miles (24 billion kilometers) away, and at 46 years old, the probe has shown multiple quirks and signs of aging in recent years. The latest issue experienced by Voyager 1 first cropped up in November 2023, when the flight data system’s telemetry modulation unit began sending an indecipherable repeating pattern of code.
Voyager 1’s flight data system collects information from the spacecraft’s science instruments and bundles it with engineering data that reflects its current health status. Mission control on Earth receives that data in binary code, or a series of ones and zeroes.
But since November, Voyager 1’s flight data system had been stuck in a loop. While the probe has continued to relay a steady radio signal to its mission control team on Earth over the past few months, the signal did not carry any usable data.
The mission team received the first coherent data about the health and status of Voyager 1’s engineering systems on April 20. While the team is still reviewing the information, everything they’ve seen so far suggests Voyager 1 is healthy and operating properly.
“Today was a great day for Voyager 1,” said Linda Spilker, Voyager project scientist at JPL, in a statement Saturday. “We’re back in communication with the spacecraft. And we look forward to getting science data back.”
The breakthrough came as the result of a clever bit of trial and error and the unraveling of a mystery that led the team to a single chip.
Voyager 1 Troubleshooting from billions of miles away
After discovering the issue, the mission team attempted sending commands to restart the spacecraft’s computer system and learn more about the underlying cause of the problem.
The team sent a command called a “poke” to Voyager 1 on March 1 to get the flight data system to run different software sequences in the hopes of finding out what was causing the glitch.
On March 3, the team noticed that activity from one part of the flight data system stood out from the rest of the garbled data. While the signal wasn’t in the format the Voyager team is used to seeing when the flight data system is functioning as expected, an engineer with NASA’s Deep Space Network was able to decode it. “NASA discovers city lights”
The Deep Space Network is a system of radio antennae on Earth that help the agency communicate with the Voyager probes and other spacecraft exploring our solar system.
The decoded signal included a readout of the entire flight data system’s memory.
By investigating the readout, the team determined the cause of the issue: 3% of the flight data system’s memory is corrupted. A single chip responsible for storing part of the system’s memory, including some of the computer’s software code, isn’t working properly. While the cause of the chip’s failure is unknown, it could be worn out or may have been hit by an energetic particle from space, the team said.
The loss of the code on the chip caused Voyager 1’s science and engineering data to be unusable.
Since there was no way to repair the chip, the team opted to store the affected code from the chip elsewhere in the system’s memory. While they couldn’t pinpoint a location large enough to hold all of the code, they were able to divide the code into sections and store it in different spots within the flight datasystem.
“To make this plan work, they also needed to adjust those code sections to ensure, for example, that they all still function as a whole,” according to an update from NASA. “Any references to the location of that code in other parts of the (flight data system) memory needed to be updated as well.”
After determining the code necessary for packaging Voyager 1’s engineering data, engineers sent a radio signal to the probe commanding the code to a new location in the system’s memory on April 18.
Given Voyager 1’s immense distance from Earth, it takes a radio signal about 22.5 hours to reach the probe, and another 22.5 hours for a response signal from the spacecraft to reach Earth.
On April 20, the team received Voyager 1’s response indicating that the clever code modification had worked, and they could finally receive readable engineering data from the probe once more.
Exploring interstellar space
Within the coming weeks, the team will continue to relocate other affected parts of the system’s software, including those responsible for returning the valuable science data Voyager 1 is collecting.
Initially designed to last five years, the Voyager 1 and its twin, Voyager 2, launched in 1977 and are the longest operating spacecraft in history. Their exceptionally long life spans mean that both spacecraft have provided additional insights about our solar system and beyond after achieving their preliminary goals of flying by Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune decades ago.
The probes are currently venturing through uncharted cosmic territory along the outer reaches of the solar system. Both are in interstellar space and are the only spacecraft ever to operate beyond the heliosphere, the sun’s bubble of magnetic fields and particles that extends well beyond the orbit of Pluto.
Voyager 2, which is operating normally, has traveled more than 12.6 billion miles (20.3 billion kilometers) from our planet. ‘NASA learns the ugly truth about ufos”
Over time, both spacecraft have encountered unexpected issues and dropouts, including a seven-month period in 2020 when Voyager 2 couldn’t communicate with Earth. In August 2023, the mission team used a long-shot “shout” technique to restore communications with Voyager 2 after a command inadvertently oriented the spacecraft’s antenna in the wrong direction.
The team estimates it’s a few weeks away from receiving science data from Voyager 1 and looks forward to seeing what that data contains.
“We never know for sure what’s going to happen with the Voyagers, but it constantly amazes me when they just keep going,” said Voyager Project Manager Suzanne Dodd, in a statement. “We’ve had many anomalies, and they are getting harder. But we’ve been fortunate so far to recover from them. And the mission keeps going. And younger engineers are coming onto the Voyager team and contributing their knowledge to keep the mission going.”
Reading Time: 2 minutesIran’s Preeminent Chief, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, is supposedly unwell, starting conversations about who will succeed him. At 85 years of age, Khamenei is said to have chosen to step down, picking his child, Mojtaba Khamenei, as the following Incomparable Pioneer. This advancement has caused critical discussion and hypothesis inside Iran and all over the planet.
On September 26, 2024, a gathering of the Get together of Specialists, a 60-part body liable for choosing Iran’s Preeminent Chief, was met at Khamenei’s solicitation. During the meeting, the gathering was approached to go with a secret and quick choice in regards to the initiative change. Reports propose that Mojtaba was collectively picked as the replacement. Notwithstanding, a few individuals communicated disappointment with the choice and the cycle, charging they were compelled into understanding, with cases of pressure and even dangers.
Mojtaba Khamenei was brought into the world in 1969 in Mashhad and is the second child of Ayatollah Khamenei. He concentrated on religious philosophy under his dad and other persuasive pastors and in the long run turned into an educator at the Qom theological college, where he keeps on instructing today. Mojtaba is hitched to Zahra Haddad-Adel, and several has three kids. His connections to the strict and political first class in Iran make him an eminent figure in the country’s initiative scene.
Throughout the long term, Mojtaba has confronted analysis and debate for his political inclusion. He assumed a significant part in supporting Mahmoud Ahmadinejad during the official decisions in 2005 and 2009. After Ahmadinejad’s triumph in 2009, far and wide fights emitted, and Mojtaba was supposedly associated with driving endeavors to smother these exhibits. Notwithstanding, his relationship with Ahmadinejad later decayed when the previous president blamed Mojtaba for stealing state reserves, which spoiled his picture.
While Mojtaba’s choice as the following Preeminent Pioneer appears to line up with his dad’s desires, it has not been without challenges. The Gathering of Specialists, however to a great extent stately, is supposed to assume a part in endorsing authority changes. Reports demonstrate disagree among individuals about Mojtaba’s reasonableness for the position, raising worries about his capacity to lead Iran actually and join its different groups. Pundits likewise question whether his impact and assets, supposedly significant, are adequate to guarantee a smooth progress.
Mojtaba’s potential authority brings blended responses. Allies contend that he offers progression and offers his dad’s vision for Iran. Pundits, notwithstanding, dread that his questionable history and absence of more extensive political experience could extend existing divisions inside the country’s political foundation. Some additionally stress over the authenticity of his arrangement, given the mystery and strain encompassing the choice cycle.
As Iran gets ready for a potential initiative change, the world watches intently. The choice to name Mojtaba as Preeminent Pioneer could have extensive results, molding Iran’s homegrown and worldwide arrangements for quite a long time into the future. While the change stays questionable, it is without a doubt a critical crossroads in the nation’s set of experiences.
Reading Time: 3 minutes
Veterans Day, observed every year on November 11 in the United States, is a federal holiday dedicated to honoring all military veterans who have served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Originally known as Armistice Day, this observance began in 1919, commemorating the end of World War I on November 11, 1918. On that date, major hostilities ceased with the signing of an armistice between Germany and the Allied forces, marking a hopeful turning point for peace after a prolonged and devastating conflict. The 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month became symbolic of the day’s meaning. Other countries, such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia, also observe the end of World War I through Remembrance Day on the same date.
In 1926, the U.S. Congress passed a resolution asking President Calvin Coolidge to issue annual proclamations for national observance on November 11, recognizing the sacrifices made for peace. This act led to a federal declaration in 1938, making November 11 a national holiday known as Armistice Day, specifically honoring those who fought in World War I. However, following the large-scale participation of American soldiers in World War II and the Korean War, a broader recognition was proposed by Raymond Weeks, a World War II veteran from Birmingham, Alabama. Weeks advocated for a day that would honor all U.S. veterans, not just those who had served in World War I. He organized the first national celebration for veterans in 1947, earning him later recognition as the “Father of Veterans Day.”
In 1954, with bipartisan support in Congress and backed by major veterans’ organizations, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a bill officially renaming Armistice Day to Veterans Day. The holiday was then intended to honor all veterans who have served in the military, whether during peacetime or wartime, marking a broader tribute to those who contributed to the nation’s security and freedoms. Veterans Day is distinct from Memorial Day, which specifically honors those who died in military service, and from Armed Forces Day in May, which recognizes active military personnel.
The Uniform Monday Holiday Act, passed in 1968, shifted several federal holidays, including Veterans Day, to Mondays to provide a three-day weekend. However, the decision to change Veterans Day’s date proved unpopular, as many felt it lost its historical significance. In 1978, the holiday returned to its original date, November 11, emphasizing its roots in commemorating the end of World War I. Today, if November 11 falls on a weekend, government employees may observe the holiday on the closest weekday.
On Veterans Day, federal offices and many schools are closed, and numerous parades and ceremonies honor veterans nationwide. The holiday serves as a time for Americans to express gratitude and acknowledge the sacrifices made by those who served. Traditionally, two minutes of silence are encouraged at 2:11 p.m. EST to reflect on veterans’ service and the price of peace.
The official spelling, “Veterans Day,” uses no apostrophe, as it is intended as a day to honor all veterans rather than denote ownership. Veterans Day serves as a reminder of the strength and unity of a nation that respects and remembers its defenders, symbolizing both the enduring peace achieved through shared sacrifice and the respect owed to all who have served.
Reading Time: 4 minutesThe New York Times Mini Crossword offers a fun, quick, and accessible daily puzzle, ideal for busy individuals or anyone needing a short mental break. On October 31, the Mini Crossword provides a playful set of clues that vary in difficulty, allowing it to be solved in just a few minutes. Known for being a smaller, quicker alternative to the full NYT Crossword, the Mini has gained popularity among both seasoned puzzlers and newcomers looking for a manageable challenge.
The October 31st puzzle brings a hint of Halloween spirit with clues that subtly nod to the holiday. Clues like “Halloween costume with a cardboard box and aluminum foil” add a seasonal flair, making the puzzle more engaging for solvers. For those who enjoy puzzles but lack the time for a full NYT Crossword, the Mini offers the perfect alternative. This bite-sized puzzle can often be completed in under five minutes, making it ideal for a short break in a busy day.
Today’s NYT Mini Crossword Answers and Tips
The Mini Crossword was created to offer a more approachable crossword experience. While the full NYT Crossword Puzzle may require broad knowledge and be time-consuming, the Mini is designed to be simpler and more accessible. With straightforward vocabulary and familiar clues, many people can solve the Mini without needing to look up answers. Available daily online and free to play, it provides non-subscribers a taste of the NYT’s famous puzzle section. For those who enjoy the Mini and want more challenges, a subscription to the New York Times Games section gives access to archived Mini Crosswords, plus other popular games like Wordle and Spelling Bee.
The first clue in today’s Mini Crossword, “Hybrid equine animal with stripes,” leads to the answer “ZORSE,” a cross between a zebra and a horse. This type of unique term is a staple of the Mini Crossword, bringing a touch of trivia that puzzle fans enjoy. Another clue, “Fingers crossed!” with the answer “IHOPE,” reflects the Mini’s light-hearted style, making it approachable and fun for all solvers. Unlike the full NYT Crossword, which may include more formal and challenging clues, the Mini has a casual tone that appeals to a broad audience.
The down clues in today’s puzzle also capture the Mini’s playful essence. “Zippo, nada, nothin’” has the answer “ZILCH,” a colloquial term for nothing. This sort of everyday language is common in crosswords, providing moments of recognition and relatability. Another down clue, “Catherine of ‘Beetlejuice,’” answers “OHARA,” a nod to actress Catherine O’Hara and a favorite for Halloween fans. Pop culture references like these make the Mini Crossword feel both current and nostalgic, resonating with solvers who enjoy little cultural nods.
The Mini Crossword is just one of the many games available in the New York Times Games section, which also features Wordle, Spelling Bee, and Sudoku. While the Mini Crossword is relatively easy, other games in the section offer adjustable difficulty levels, allowing players to pick something that fits their mood or skill level. The variety has made the Times’ Games section a popular online destination for people looking to relax and engage their minds.
Crosswords, even small ones like the Mini, provide cognitive benefits. Research suggests that regular puzzle-solving can improve memory, expand vocabulary, and stimulate the brain in ways that may help to prevent cognitive decline. Completing a daily Mini Crossword offers a quick mental workout without the large time commitment of a bigger puzzle. This makes the Mini an appealing addition to daily routines, providing a manageable yet challenging activity that exercises the brain in meaningful ways.
Solving today’s Mini Crossword brings a sense of satisfaction familiar to any crossword lover. Filling in each answer and watching the grid fill up is a small but rewarding accomplishment. Unlike the full-sized NYT Crossword, which can take a dedicated hour or more to finish, the Mini is designed for completion in just a few minutes, creating a satisfying moment in the day. This makes the Mini ideal for busy people, students, and anyone who enjoys the sense of satisfaction that comes with solving a puzzle but may not have time for a long session.
The NYT Mini Crossword’s short length and approachable difficulty make it popular with a wide range of players, from avid crossword enthusiasts to people who are new to puzzles. Each puzzle provides an opportunity to think outside the box, learn new words, and discover interesting trivia. Today’s October 31 puzzle includes a few Halloween-themed clues but is ultimately designed to appeal to diverse interests and backgrounds, making it a puzzle that anyone can enjoy.
Today’s puzzle, like all Mini Crosswords, highlights how enjoyable it is to solve a well-crafted, accessible puzzle. Though small, the Mini Crossword has developed a loyal following among those who love crosswords, word games, and anyone who enjoys a brief but engaging mental challenge. Whether you’re a long-time puzzle solver or a newcomer, the Mini Crossword is a daily treat that brings the fun of puzzle-solving to anyone with a few minutes to spare.
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